Key stage 1 An event beyond living memory that is significant nationally; Significant people. Key stage 3 The development of Church, state and society in Britain Download: Lesson pack Related resources Crime and punishment. This website uses cookies We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Set cookie preferences. Skip to Main Content. Search our website Search Discovery, our catalogue. View lesson as PDF. View full image. Lesson at a glance.
Download: Lesson pack. Can you uncover the plans of the plotters? Tasks History Hook — Starter Activity. This is the letter sent to Lord Monteagle a few days before parliament. What two steps does the writer want Lord Monteagle to take? Why does the writer suggest that Lord Monteagle should follow this advice? This is a copy of the examination of John Johnson.
Who do you think John Johnson might be? What did Johnson plan to do to parliament? Name one of the other plotters whom Johnson mentions Was Johnson worried about any Catholics who might have been there? This is a proclamation royal demand made after the plot was discovered. Why does the government want Thomas Percy to be captured alive? Who else has Thomas Percy tried to blow up apart from the King and Parliament? But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.
He famously married a series of six wives in his search for political alliance, marital bliss and a healthy male heir. His desire to She sought to return England to the Catholic Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the most powerful and influential figures of the Middle Ages. Inheriting a vast estate at the age of 15 made her the most sought-after bride of her generation. She would eventually become the queen of France, the queen of England and Observed in the United Kingdom every year on November 5, Guy Fawkes Day—also called Bonfire Night or Fireworks Night—commemorates a failed assassination attempt from over years ago.
On July 20, , during World War II , a plot by senior-level German military officials to murder Adolf Hitler and then take control of his government failed when a bomb planted in a briefcase went off but did not kill the Nazi leader. The assassination One of the most renowned kings in English history, Henry V led two successful invasions of France, cheering his outnumbered troops to victory at the Battle of Agincourt and eventually securing full control of the French throne.
His portrayal in three of By her death in , Victoria was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland — and empress of India — The primary focus of Catholic discontent was what had become known by as the penal laws. On one level they included all the Elizabethan religious legislation back to the Supremacy and Uniformity Acts of , but the term was usually applied to a specific series of statutes passed between and The acts involved an oath to the royal supremacy over the church and obligatory attendance at a parish church every Sunday.
Absence, soon described as recusancy disobedience, hence recusant , incurred a one shilling fine. The penal laws were not the product of a clearly articulated policy, each of the statutes was a compromise of greater or lesser incoherence. Their target, however, was clear: the Catholic missionary clergy and those who sheltered them. Their dominance was intellectual and moral rather than numerical, for the Society was not large. There were only about five Jesuits in England at any one time during the s, rising to fourteen in Legislation was one thing, enforcement another.
Although it had its enthusiastic priest hunters, the Elizabethan government was not a bloodthirsty regime. Catholic polemic which very successfully portrayed the Elizabethan persecutions in a similar fashion to the way John Foxe had portrayed the Marian made the Elizabethan elite who knew their Foxe well very uncomfortable.
The use of torture was a particularly controversial issue. It was not part of the Common Law process, but was permitted in treason cases, to force the suspect to reveal his accomplices, though not incriminate himself. The relatively minor role torture played in the Gunpowder Plot investigation is a good example of the myths that surround this emotive subject.
Permission was given to employ torture on Fawkes, who initially refused to say anything, but whether it was actually used and how much is unclear. This was the argument that it was legitimate for Catholics to be economical with the truth, even when questioned under oath, in order to protect their friends and family, but it was not difficult to twist this into the claim that nothing a Catholic said could be trusted. Equivocation was attributed to the Jesuits, and Garnet had written a treatise on the subject, a point of major importance at his trial.
The years after saw the worst phase of the persecutions, culminating in execution of Fr Robert Southwell in Their solution was an oath of allegiance distinct from the oath to the supremacy that would enable Catholics to prove they were not treasonous.
Estimates of lay Catholics are particularly vexed. For the laity the heaviest burdens were recusancy fines and the exclusion from public life caused by the oath to the supremacy.
The missionary clergy blamed the penal laws for intimidating many into conformity; once they were removed a large number of conversions could be expected. What did Catholics want — or rather what solutions were possible? None, however, was as straightforward as it appeared. The return to the Church could be accomplished either by a Catholic monarch or by force.
Until the possible succession of the Queen of Scots had provided a straightforward solution. After her execution, however, things became complicated, thanks to the enigmatic stance of James VI. By then Spain was not in a position to implement it by force and the Pope Clement VIII was hostile to the Spanish monarchy and opposed to its expansion.
Under pressure from English exiles, Philip III hesitantly committed himself to the claim privately in February , but Isabella herself was not interested. One reason Persons and Allen supported Isabella was a residual hostility in Catholic circles to a Scottish succession, a hostility shared by some of the Gunpowder Plotters, especially Fawkes.
The paralysis in Spain led to a revived interest in an English alternative to James and Isabella, in particular Arbella, heiress of the junior Stewart line.
When Elizabeth died in March the Spanish government had itself abandoned the alternatives in favour of reaching an agreement with James.
This fear inspired possibly the most dangerous of his pre manoeuvres, various hints of leniency to Catholics. Rome read this evidence that his conversion was imminent. As a result Clement viewed his accession with benevolence.
A formal toleration offered the most sophisticated solution for the English Catholics, but there were insuperable difficulties. The French edicts of toleration, from the first in to the Edict of Nantes of , offered two broad concessions: freedom of conscience no Inquisition and no heresy prosecutions and freedom of public worship under greater or lesser geographical restriction.
0コメント