The idea of a world ruled by law is as old, almost, as the idea of law itself. But it was only with the latter part of the 19th Century that it came to be seen as a practical vision and as a reasonable choice that governments might make in determining their own behavior. Wilson suffered a disabling stroke while campaigning at home for his vision, but innumerable problems had doomed it long before then.
Lloyd George, the canniest of political and diplomatic in-fighters, got nearly everything that he wanted for Britain after World War I; Wilson--repudiated at home and abroad--got almost nothing that he wanted. And yet if Lloyd George won on the ground, Wilson won in the air, or as we might better say, in the atmosphere.
The notion of legitimacy--the legitimacy of a monarch, an empire, a regime, a military occupation--had already begun to change when Wilson set sail for Europe, the first sitting American President ever to do so, but that notion was to change more rapidly and drastically because of him. Fromkin is equally illuminating in telling the story of the making of modern Iraq. As subsequent news stories have made clear, that chat played rather differently in the Arab and the Western world.
The history of Britain in Iraq may explain why. One, the better known of the two, was at Gallipoli, on the Dardanelles at the approach to Constantinople.
An army sent out from British India marched on Baghdad but was stopped, and perished nearly to the last man in It was not until a year later, on March 11, , that a second British-Indian invasion, under Maj. Stanley Maude, succeeded in capturing Baghdad. For example, the same name can be written as " Majid ", " Majeed ", or " Mejeed ".
The spelling can also differ depending on whether one uses contractions. In Iraq, only the Arabic versions of names written in Arabic characters are considered official and have standardised spellings.
Therefore, some people's names may even appear different on official documents such as passports, when translated into the Roman alphabet. Kurdish Names Many Kurds have adopted the Arabic naming custom described above.
Traditionally, Kurds have a family name that relates to their tribe or region of origin. Hockey," and as that moniker suggests, Howe On October 3, , in a decision that makes international headlines, an Italian appeals court overturns the murder conviction of Amanda Knox, an American exchange student who two years earlier was found guilty in the murder of her British roommate, Meredith Kercher, in A hunger strike by Irish nationalists at the Maze Prison in Belfast in Northern Ireland is called off after seven months and 10 deaths.
At the end of a sensational trial, former football star O. Simpson is acquitted of the brutal double murder of his estranged wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald Goldman.
On October 3, , third baseman Bobby Thomson hits a one-out, three-run home run in the bottom of the ninth inning to win the National League pennant for the New York Giants. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. On October 3, , expressing gratitude for a pivotal Union Army victory at Gettysburg, President Abraham Lincoln announces that the nation will celebrate an official Thanksgiving holiday on November 26, It took another three months for a government to take office, but Iraq's new democracy was set up to ensure all ethnic groups are represented.
Iraq has the world's second largest supply of oil. But international sanctions during the s and the instability caused by the war have left Iraq in poverty.
Iraq's history is full of unsettling changes. In the past 15 years alone, it has witnessed two major wars, international sanctions, occupation by a foreign government, revolts, and terrorism. But Iraq is a land where several ancient cultures left stamps of greatness on the country, the region, and the world.
Iraq is nicknamed the "cradle of civilization. The Sumerians had the first civilization in Iraq around B. The first type of writing, called cuneiform, came out of Uruk, a Sumerian city-state. Around B. Their king, Hammurabi, established the first known system of laws.
Babylonian rule ended in B. Baghdad was soon established as the leading city of the Islamic world. In , the Ottomans from Turkey conquered Iraq and ruled until the British took over almost years later.
Iraq became an independent country in , although the British still had a big influence.
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