An antibacterial biphenyl derivative from Garcinia bancana MIQ. Chem Pharm Bull Tokyo ; 53 — Antibacterial activity of some Garcinia benzophenone derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biol Pharm Bull. Structure and chemotherapeutical activity of a polyisoprenylated benzophenone from the stem bark of Garcinia huillensis.
J Ethnopharmacol. Leishmanicidal and cholinesterase inhibiting activities of phenolic compounds from Allanblackia monticola and Symphonia globulifera. Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols. Chem Rev. Free radical scavenging activity and antiulcer activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. Modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and nitric oxide synthesis by garcinol and its derivatives.
Effects of garcinol on free radical generation and NO production in embryonic rat cortical neurons and astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by Garcinol.
Mol Carcinog. Identification of 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 as functional targets of the anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic garcinol. Biochem Pharmacol. Effects of garcinol and its derivatives on intestinal cell growth: Inhibitory effects and autoxidation-dependent growth-stimulatory effects.
Free Radic Biol Med. Prevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by dietary feeding of garcinol in male F rats. Garcinol modulates tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and subsequently induces apoptosis through down-regulation of Src, ERK, and Akt survival signaling in human colon cancer cells.
J Cell Biochem. Cytotoxic benzophenone derivatives from Garcinia species display a strong apoptosis-inducing effect against human leukemia cell lines. Polyprenylated benzophenones from Garcinia assigu and their potential cancer chemopreventive activities.
J Nat Prod. Dietary garcinol inhibits 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced tongue carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Lett. Planta Med. Polyisoprenylated benzophenone, garcinol, a natural histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, represses chromatin transcription and alters global gene expression.
J Biol Chem. Chem Biol. Autoacetylation induced specific structural changes in histone acetyltransferase domain of p probed by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B. Hydroxyl radical is the major causative factor in stress-induced gastric ulceration. Oxidative inactivation of gastric peroxidase by site-specific generation of hydroxyl radical and its role in stress-induced gastric ulceration. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in indomethacin-induced gastric injury.
Am J Physiol. Role of active oxygen, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin in rats.
Pharmacological basis for the role of curcumin in chronic diseases: an age-old spice with modern targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci.
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Eur J Med Chem. Chalcones as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: the importance of a 2,4-substituted resorcinol moiety. Structure and mechanism of chalcone synthase-like polyketide synthases.
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Among all the methanol extracts of G. At this concentration, the effect shown by different extracts towards the tested bacterial strains was very low ranged between 17 mm and 19 mm. Figure 5 Antibacterial activity of Garcinia cambogia and G. GCF — G. Minimal inhibitory concentration MIC of the methanol extracts towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are represented in Table 1. Among all the methanol extracts used in this study, G. The other extracts did not show any considerable differences between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Plants produce many phytochemicals to protect themselves from the microbial infections and other biological toxicities. Hence, plant materials can serve as the good sources of herbal medicines Kim et al.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leafy green vegetable extracts and their applications to meat product preservation. Food Control. The antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties of plants have been explored throughout the world. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts are attributed to the phytochemicals present in the plant parts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of different extracts of G.
The extracts showing better anthelmintic activity were tested for their antibacterial activity. The in vitro anthelmintic effect of different extracts was carried out on Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma due to its physiological and structural similarity with intestinal parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides Gogoi et al.
In vitro antihelmintic activity of bark extract of Cinnamomum bejolghota Buch-Ham. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. The results of this study revealed the anthelmintic activity of all the extracts of G. The methanol extract of the leaves of G. The efficiency of the plant material was determined based on the loss of movement of the worm and death of the worm in in vitro studies. Of all the extracts used in this study, methanol extract of both the fruits and leaves of G.
The anthelmintic effect paralysis and death of earthworms shown by the methanol extract was almost equal to the effect shown by the reference drug, albendazole in all the studied cases, with a maximum effect compared to other extracts, which could be ascribed to its polarity Methanol being a mid-polar solvent was capable of extracting both polar as well as non-polar components into it due to which broad range of phyto-constituents were available for the activity Bae et al.
Plant Food Hum Nutr. The in vitro anthelmintic activity of the methanol extracts could be either due to the damage of cellular integrity or neuromuscular coordination. The damage of cellular integrity could be achieved by the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and inhibition of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. The damage of neuromuscular coordination could be caused in the parasite by hyperpolarizing the nerve membrane and inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase Martin, Martin RJ.
Modes of action of anthelmintic drugs. Vet J. An investigation into the mode of action of the anthelmintic emodepside; a molecular, pharmacological and electrophysiological characterisation. PhD Thesis; In addition, G. The inhibitory effect of G. Sutar et al. Contrary to this, in the present study E. In another study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of G. It is reported that E. In this study, methanol extract showed similar zones of inhibition with the mentioned strains of bacteria.
The methanol extracts of G. The antibacterial effect shown by all the extracts was similar on both Gram-negative and Gram- positive bacteria. This similarity could be related to the common solvent used for the extraction of compounds from the plant materials. The inhibitory effect shown by the extracts was due to the phyto-constituents present in the leaves and fruits of G.
One of the reasons for the bactericidal activity of these phytochemicals could be due to membrane permeability resulting in the leakage of intracellular materials causing cell death Karsha and Lakshmi Karsha PV, Lakshmi OB.
Antibacterial activity of black pepper Piper nigrum Linn with special reference to its mode of action on bacteria. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that the fruits and leaves of G. The findings of this study suggested that G.
However, further in vivo studies against different parasites of human and other animals at different doses are needed to determine the potential of G. The methanol extract of G. The results showed that the selected methanol extracts possessed active components capable of inhibiting the bacterial growth.
The fruit looks like a small pumpkin and is green to pale yellow in color. Garcinia cambogia is a small, pumpkin-shaped, yellow or greenish fruit. The fruit is so sour that it is generally not eaten fresh but rather used in cooking 2.
Garcinia cambogia supplements are made from extracts of the fruit's peel. Kokum s often halved and dried, so that the dried seeds are visible like citrus fruit. It is usually sold as a dried rind, dark purple to black, sticky and with curled edges. Bouquet: slightly sweet and sour aroma. Garcinia cambogia is primarily marketed as a way to lose weight naturally with little to no additional effort.
Some companies claim the supplement can help people lose weight without additional exercise or dieting. It is true that the HCA in garcinia has been found to boost the fat-burning potential of the body. There have been at least a dozen reports of Garcinia induced liver injury in individuals taking multiingredient dietary supplements MIDS that contain Garcinia cambogia.
Some cases have been severe, resulting in acute liver failure and either death or need for urgent liver transplantation. DietWorks Garcinia Cambogia. Swanson Super CitriMax. Manga Naturals Garcinia Cambogia. There's no convincing evidence that garcinia cambogia will help you lose weight or control cholesterol.
In a very small study, women who were overweight were given garcinia cambogia extract or a placebo for 60 days. Triglyceride levels of the participants getting garcinia cambogia decreased by almost one-third. Garcinia cambogia , a tropical fruit also known as the Malabar tamarind, is a popular weight-loss supplement. People say it blocks your body's ability to make fat and it puts the brakes on your appetite. Loss of excess weight could help could help keep blood sugar and cholesterol levels in check, too.
Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia gummi-gutta. Dataset Item 22 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia lanceaefolia. Dataset Item 23 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia pedunculata. Dataset Item 24 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia subelliptica. Dataset Item 25 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia xanthochymus. Dataset Item 26 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia mangostana. Morphological characterizations of the species of these two different eco systems indicate variation within the species of the same ecosystem and similarities in the species of two different ecosystems.
However, the collection surveys indicated that though many species exist, the population density is dangerously low and is reduced to one or two trees in a given location making survival of these species very difficult.
This is further aggravated by the fact that seeds fail to produce seedlings due to various physiological and environmental factors making multiplication and maintenance of these species impossible. Though the fruit product of Garcinia is available in local markets, the awareness of Garcinia as a tree is very rare. In this study, summering of the fruit, leaf, and tree structure has been done which may give awareness about the crop to the people.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of , as selected by our Chief Editors.
Read the winning articles. Utpala Parthasarathy 1 and O. Academic Editor: D. Received 20 Jun Accepted 29 Jul Published 23 Apr Abstract The genus Garcinia has over species distributed in the tropics of the world. Introduction The genus Garcinia Family: Clusiaceae consists of over species distributed in the tropics of the world chiefly in Asia, Africa, and Polynesia. Methodology The morphological features of the Indian Garcinia were observed for mature and bearing trees.
Dataset Description The dataset associated with this Dataset Paper consists of 26 items which are described as follows. Dataset Item 7 Image. Flower of the Indian species Garcinia indica. Dataset Item 9 Image. Flower of the Indian species Garcinia cowa.
Dataset Item 10 Image. Flower of the Indian species Garcinia kydia. Dataset Item 18 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia indica. Dataset Item 20 Image. Fruit of the Indian species Garcinia cowa.
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